"There were as many people wandering around the fields...as stood around the stand listening to Everett's eloquent periods." By the time Lincoln rose to speak, more than two hours later, they would have been even more inattentive.
Lincoln's speech did not impress Everett, Seward and Chief of Protocol Ward Lamon as one of his great speeches. Even Lincoln was disappointed.
However Presidential Aide John Hay and John Nicolay, Private Secretary to Lincoln, said the speech was eloquent , "linking the deeds of the present to the thoughts of the future." They insisted that "the best critics have awarded it unquestioned rank as one of the world's masterpieces in rhetorical art." Edward Everett even praised it in a note that he sent to the President.
Democratic newspapers as would be the case today compared the dedication ceremonies to a "stage play." "On the present occasion Lincoln acted a Clown." One editorial argued that Lincoln was "less refined than a savage."
Republican newspapers had nothing but praise for Lincoln and his speech. "a perfect gem; deep in feeling, compact in thought and expression." Some even said that it was a better speech than Than Edward Everett's whose was smooth and cold. The few words from the President were from the heart.
Like American statesman Daniel Webster and Henry Clay, Lincoln regarded the Declaration of Independence of 1776 rather than the Constitution of 1787 as the foundation of American beliefs.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410
Sources: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Four Score and More
Barbara Silberdick Feinberg
Twenty-First Century Books
Brookfield, Connecticut
http://www.millbrookpress.com/
Saturday, June 26, 2010
Dedication Ceremony - Gettysburg National Cemetery
Edward Everett, an American politician and educator from Massachusetts is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the National Cemetery in Gettysburg in 1863. He held the crowds attention with "eloquent description," "polished diction," and "practiced delivery."
The Reverend Thomas H. Stockton opened the program with a prayer and praised the slain soldiers: "As the trees are not dead, though their foliage is gone, so our heroes are not dead, though their forms have fallen. In their proper personality they are with Thee. And the spirit of their example is here."
Everett blamed the Confederacy for the war. They claimed to be defending the rights reserved to the people and the states under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Now it was time for President Lincoln to speak. His voice was steady but high pitched. His Kentucky twang, with "thar" instead of "there" and "forgit" instead of "forget" may have sounded strange and unpleasant to some of his listeners. But, those in the back had no trouble hearing him.
His 272 word speech was over so quickly that a photographer failed in his attempt to record the moment for history.
Edward Everett was chosen to be main speaker because the commission questioned Abraham Lincoln's ability to speak upon such a grave and solemn occasion. Lincoln was know to include humor and folksy stories in his public speeches so that ordinary citizens would better understand him.
Lincoln however had a national reputation as a talented speaker. So, perhaps the commissioners were needlessly worried about his ability to speak.
Lincoln decided to go to Gettysburg to honor the nation's fallen soldiers. It would also give him a chance to speak before widespread audience to remind them why the Civil War was being fought. Plus, with the 1864 presidential election only a year away, here was an opportunity to rally important leaders of the Republican party. The governors of 17 states would be present.
The reelection could not be taken for granted. The political parties in the Northern states were split into feuding factions. The Democrats had Copperheads who secretly supported the South. Peace Democrats, eager for a negotiated settlement and War Democrats wanting to go on fighting until the South was defeated. (Kind of sounds familiar doesn't it?).
Republicans on the other hand, had Moderates who accepted the way the war was going, Radicals felt Lincoln was too lenient on the South and not encouraging his commanders to fight hard enough, and neglecting black civil rights.
John Forbes, a Radical Republican urged Lincoln to teach his great audience of plain people that the war was about the North against the South but, the people against the aristocrats.
Sources: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Four Score and More
Barbara Silberdick Feinberg
Twenty-First Century Books
Brookfield, Connecticut
http://www.millbrookpress.com/
The Reverend Thomas H. Stockton opened the program with a prayer and praised the slain soldiers: "As the trees are not dead, though their foliage is gone, so our heroes are not dead, though their forms have fallen. In their proper personality they are with Thee. And the spirit of their example is here."
Everett blamed the Confederacy for the war. They claimed to be defending the rights reserved to the people and the states under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Now it was time for President Lincoln to speak. His voice was steady but high pitched. His Kentucky twang, with "thar" instead of "there" and "forgit" instead of "forget" may have sounded strange and unpleasant to some of his listeners. But, those in the back had no trouble hearing him.
His 272 word speech was over so quickly that a photographer failed in his attempt to record the moment for history.
Edward Everett was chosen to be main speaker because the commission questioned Abraham Lincoln's ability to speak upon such a grave and solemn occasion. Lincoln was know to include humor and folksy stories in his public speeches so that ordinary citizens would better understand him.
Lincoln however had a national reputation as a talented speaker. So, perhaps the commissioners were needlessly worried about his ability to speak.
Lincoln decided to go to Gettysburg to honor the nation's fallen soldiers. It would also give him a chance to speak before widespread audience to remind them why the Civil War was being fought. Plus, with the 1864 presidential election only a year away, here was an opportunity to rally important leaders of the Republican party. The governors of 17 states would be present.
The reelection could not be taken for granted. The political parties in the Northern states were split into feuding factions. The Democrats had Copperheads who secretly supported the South. Peace Democrats, eager for a negotiated settlement and War Democrats wanting to go on fighting until the South was defeated. (Kind of sounds familiar doesn't it?).
Republicans on the other hand, had Moderates who accepted the way the war was going, Radicals felt Lincoln was too lenient on the South and not encouraging his commanders to fight hard enough, and neglecting black civil rights.
John Forbes, a Radical Republican urged Lincoln to teach his great audience of plain people that the war was about the North against the South but, the people against the aristocrats.
Sources: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Four Score and More
Barbara Silberdick Feinberg
Twenty-First Century Books
Brookfield, Connecticut
http://www.millbrookpress.com/
Friday, June 25, 2010
Gettysburg Address - Corrected Blog
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address during the dedication ceremony of the new national cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to honor the Union solidiers slain in one of the bloodiest battels of the Civil War. At least this is what we have been taught.
One of the most perplexing issues facing historians is when the president wrote the speech. Did he dash it off in the last minute or did he prepare it in advance?
Historians also disagreed on the purpose of the speech. Was it propaganda to help the Republicans win the next election? Or, was it meant to heal the divided nation?
Why did Lincoln choose "Four score and seven years ago" (1776) the year that the Declaration of Independence was signed, rather than three score and sixteen years ago (1787) the year that the Constitution was completed?
His attitude towards slavery also drew controversy. He insisted that "all men are created equal." But, he didn't agree with the Southerners who regarded their slaves as property. At the same time he was not an abolishinist.
Finally, why did the Gettysburg Address become such an important part of the nation's heritage? The speech took less than three minutes and above all, Lincoln was not the main speaker.
As we travel back in time to find the possible answers to these questions, we will find why history is such an exciting adventure.
Sources: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Four Score and More
Barbara Silberdick Feinberg
Twenty-First Century Books
Brookfield, Connecticut
http://www.millbrookpress.com/
One of the most perplexing issues facing historians is when the president wrote the speech. Did he dash it off in the last minute or did he prepare it in advance?
Historians also disagreed on the purpose of the speech. Was it propaganda to help the Republicans win the next election? Or, was it meant to heal the divided nation?
Why did Lincoln choose "Four score and seven years ago" (1776) the year that the Declaration of Independence was signed, rather than three score and sixteen years ago (1787) the year that the Constitution was completed?
His attitude towards slavery also drew controversy. He insisted that "all men are created equal." But, he didn't agree with the Southerners who regarded their slaves as property. At the same time he was not an abolishinist.
Finally, why did the Gettysburg Address become such an important part of the nation's heritage? The speech took less than three minutes and above all, Lincoln was not the main speaker.
As we travel back in time to find the possible answers to these questions, we will find why history is such an exciting adventure.
Sources: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Four Score and More
Barbara Silberdick Feinberg
Twenty-First Century Books
Brookfield, Connecticut
http://www.millbrookpress.com/
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